Swedish Name Generator. Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. Sweden borders Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel and has a folklore that contains trolls, huldra and more. Related Products. 100 Swedish Names – Female. Strong Password Generator to create secure passwords that are impossible to crack on your device without sending them across the Internet, and learn over 30 tricks to keep your passwords, accounts and documents safe.
Elves prefer names that flow off the tongue like wind through the trees. One of the most common problems GMs and players alike have when playing non-human characters is naming them. Most non-human characters can’t be named from a list of historic names, forcing DMs to make up totally new names. It is difficult to come up with names that are appropriate for non-human characters and consistent with one another. This is especially true for a GM who may find himself trying to come up with a large number of such names on short notice, yet without appropriate names, non-human characters often loose their unique flavor. Especially in the case of elves, it is important that names represent and reflect the race’s special attitudes and philosophies
The elven name generator below has been presented to assist with this daunting task. Although this could not possibly represent all the possible names for a race as old and diverse as the elves, this list can serve as a starting point and quick reference to create a large and consistent list of names.
How it Works: Each elven name consists of a prefix (from Table 2) and one or more suffixes (from Table 3). Definitions have been included in these tables to help determine what a name means once it has been generated. In the case of suffixes, male and female endings have been included where appropriate. Alternate spellings have also been provided in some cases. In Some Cases a formal house name can be generated as well by rolling randomly on Optional Table 1B. These formal House names would be used for ancient noble houses, usually of Grey or Gold Elf Descent.
You may randomly generate an elven name by rolling on Table 1. If you prefer, it is also possible to pick a set of definitions you like and assemble the name that matches them. If your character is a ranger who is fond of bears, you might decide her name should reflect this. Looking at the definitions, you decide her name will mean “Bear-Friend.” This results in the name “Rethar,” “Reethar,” or “Reithar.”
If you don’t like a particular combination, try some of the alternate suffixes listed, or add an “a,” “e,” “i,” “l,” “r,” “s,” “sh,” or an apostrophe. Although not every combination of prefixes and suffixes will sound right, usually only a minor change is called for. If you can’t make a particular name work, try one with a similar meaning. If you didn’t like “Reithar,” try a name that means “Bear-Sister” instead. If you have randomly generated a name and don’t like it’s definition, try altering the order of the words. It is also possible to use the definition as just a starting place for the name’s meaning. Often the definitions can be combined in a poetic way for better results. In the case of a three or more syllable name, try dropping one or more of the definitions. Anenfel could mean “The Hand of Autumn’s Lake,” “Lake of Autumn’s Hand,” “Autumns Hand,” or just “Autumn Lake.” Don’t worry about two names sharing the same meaning or having two definitions for one name. According to The Complete Book of Elves, the elven language is so full of subtlety and nuance that only native speakers fully understand it. Two names may sound the same to a human, but an elf would know the difference
Table 1 (D10)
D10 | Result |
1-4 | Roll once on Table 2 and once on Table 3 |
5-7 | Roll once on Table 2 and twice on Table 3 |
8-9 | Roll once on Table 2 and once on Table 3 for a first name, then once on Table 2 and twice on Table 3 for a second name |
10 | Roll once on Table 3, add an apostrophe, then roll once on Table 2 and twice on Table 3 |
Optional Table 1B (D10)
D10 | Result |
1-3 | Roll once on Table 4 and once on Table 5 |
4-5 | Roll once on Table 4 and twice on Table 5 |
6-7 | Roll once on Table 4 and once on Table 5, add an apostrophe, then roll again on Table 3. |
8-9 | Roll once on Table 4 and once on Table 5 for a first name, then roll on Table 1 again for a second name. |
10 | Roll once on Table 5, add an apostrophe, then roll once on Table 4 and once on Table 5 |
Table 2 - Prefixes (D100)
{1} Ael: knight {2} Aer : law, order {3} Af : ring {4} Ah : crafty, sly {5} Al : sea {6} Am : swan {7} Ama : beauty, beautiful {8} An : hand {9} Ang : glitter {10} Ansr : rune {11} Ar : gold, golden {12} Arì : silver {13} Arn : south {14} Aza : life, lives {15} Bael : guardian {16} Bes : oath {17} Cael : archer, arrow {18} Cal : faith {19} Cas : herald {20} Cla : rose {21} Cor : legend, legendary {22} Cy : onyx {23} Dae : white {24} Dho : falcon {25} Dre : hound {26} Du : crescent {27} Eil : azure, blue {28} Eir : sharp {29} El : green {30} Er : boar {31} Ev : stag {32} Fera : champion {33} Fi : rain {34} Fir : dark {35} Fis : light {36} Gael : pegasus {37} Gar : owl {38} Gil : griffin {39} Ha : free, freedom {40} Hu : horse {41} Ia : day {42} Il : mist {43} Ja : staff {44} Jar : dove {45} Ka : dragon {46} Kan : eagle {47} Ker : spell {48} Keth : wind {49} Koeh : earth {50} Kor : black | {51} Ky : ruby {52} La : night {53} Laf : moon {54} Lam : east {55} Lue : riddle {56} Ly : wolf {57} Mai : death, slayer {58} Mal : war {59} Mara : priest {60} My : emerald {61} Na : ancient {62} Nai : oak {63} Nim : deep {64} Nu : hope, hopeful {65} Ny : diamond {66} Py : sapphire {67} Raer : unicorn {68} Re : bear {69} Ren : west {70} Rhy (Ry): jade {71} Ru : dream {72} Rua : star {73} Rum : meadow {74} Rid : spear {75} Sae : wood {76} Seh : soft {77} Sel : high {78} Sha : sun {79} She : age, time {80} Si : cat, feline {81} Sim : north {82} Sol : history, memory {83} Sum : water {84} Syl : faerie {85} Ta : fox {86} Tahl : blade {87} Tha : vigil, vigilance {88} Tho : true, truth {89} Ther : sky {90} Thro : lore, sage {91} Tia : magic {92} Tra : tree {93} Ty (Try): crystal {94} Uth : wizard {95} Ver : peace {96} Vil : finger, point {97} Von : ice {98} Ya : bridge, path, way {99} Za : royal {100} Zy : ivory |
Table 3 - Suffixes (D100)
{1} -ae (-nae) : whisper {2} -ael : great {3} -aer / -aera : singer, song {4} -aias / -aia : mate, husband / wife {5} -ah / -aha : wand {6} -aith / -aira : home {7} -al / -ala (-la; -lae; -llae) : harmony {8} -ali : shadow {9} -am / -ama : strider {10} -an / -ana (-a; -ani; -uanna) : make, maker {11} -ar / -ara (-ra) : man / woman {12} -ari (-ri) : spring {13} -aro (-ro) : summer {14} -as (-ash; -sah) : bow, fletcher {15} -ath : by, of, with {16} -avel : sword {17} -brar (-abrar; -ibrar) : craft, crafter {18} -dar (-adar; -odar) : world {19} -deth (-eath; -eth) : eternal {20} -dre : charm, charming {21} -drim (-drimme; -udrim) : flight, flyer {22} -dul : glade {23} -ean : ride, rider {24} -el (ele / -ela) : hawk {25} -emar : honor {26} -en : autumn {27} -er (-erl; -ern) : winter {28} -ess (-esti) : elves, elvin {29} -evar : flute {30} -fel (-afel; -efel) : lake {31} -hal (-ahal; -ihal) : pale, weak {32} -har (-ihar; -uhar) : wisdom, wise {33} -hel (-ahel; -ihel) : sadness, tears {34} -ian / ianna (-ia; -ii; -ion) : lord / lady {35} -iat : fire {36} -ik : might, mighty {37} -il (-iel; -ila; -lie) : gift, giver {38} -im : duty {39} -in (-inar; -ine) : sibling, brother / sister {40} -ir (-ira; -ire) : dusk {41} -is (-iss; -ist) : scribe, scroll {42} -ith (-lath; -lith; -lyth) : child, young {43} -kash (-ashk; -okash) : fate {44} -ki : void {45} -lan / -lanna (-lean; -olan / -ola) : son / daughter {46} -lam (-ilam; -ulam) : fair {47} -lar (-lirr) : shine {48} -las : wild {49} -lian / -lia : master / mistress {50} -lis (-elis; -lys) : breeze | {51} -lon (-ellon) : chief {52} -lyn (-llinn; -lihn) : bolt, ray {53} -mah / -ma (-mahs) : mage {54} -mil (-imil; -umil) : bond, promise {55} -mus : ally, companion {56} -nal (-inal; -onal) : distant, far {57} -nes : heart {58} -nin (-nine; -nyn) : rite, ritual {59} -nis (-anis) : dawn {60} -on/onna: Keep/Keeper {61} -or (oro): Flower {62} -oth (-othi) : gate {63} -que : forgotten, lost {64} -quis : branch, limb {65} -rah(-rae; -raee) : beast {66} -rad(-rahd) : leaf {67} -rail/-ria (-aral; -ral; -ryl) : hunt, hunter {68} -ran (-re; -reen) : binding, shackles {69} -reth (-rath) : arcane {70} -ro (-ri; -ron) : walker, walks {71} -ruil (-aruil; -eruil) : noble {72} -sal (-isal; -sali) : honey, sweet {73} -san : drink, wine {74} -sar (-asar; -isar) : quest, seeker {75} -sel (-asel; -isel) : mountain {76} -sha (-she; -shor) : ocean {77} -spar : fist {78} -tae (-itae) : beloved, love {79} -tas (-itas) : wall, ward {80} -ten (-iten) : spinner {81} -thal /-tha (-ethal / -etha) : heal, healer, healing {82} -thar (-ethar; -ithar) : friend {83} -ther (-ather; -thir) : armor, protection {84} -thi (-ethil; -thil) : wing {85} -thus /-thas (-aethus / -aethas) : harp, harper {86} -ti (-eti;-til) : eye, sight {87} -tril /-tria (-atri; -atril / -atria) : dance, dancer {88} -ual (-lua) : holy {89} -uath (-luth; -uth) : lance {90} -us /-ua : cousin, kin {91} -van /-vanna : forest {92} -var /-vara (-avar / -avara) : father / mother {93} -vain (-avain) : spirit {94} -via (-avia) : good fortune, luck {95} -vin (-avin) : storm {96} -wyn : music, muscian {97} -ya : helm {98} -yr / -yn : bringer {99} -yth : folk, people {100} -zair /-zara (-azair / -ezara) : lightning |
Table 4 - House Name Prefixes(D100)
{1-3} Alean : The noble line of {4-6} Alea : Traders in {7-10} Arabi : Daughters of {11-13} Arkenea : Mages of {14-16} Auvrea : Blood of the {17-20} Baequi : Blessed by {21-23} Banni : Holder's of {24-26} CyGreen : Warriors from {27-30} Dirth : Victors of {31-33} Dryear : Champions of {34-36} Dwin’ : Walkers in {37-40} Eyllis : Lands of {41-43} Eyther : The Forests of {44-46} Freani : Friends to {47-50} Gysse : Clan of | {51-53} Heasi : Those above {54-56} Hlae : Seers of {57-60} Hunith : The sisterhood of {61-63} Kennyr : Sworn to {64-66} Kille : People of {67-70} Maern : Defenders from {71-73} Melith : Mothers of {74-76} Myrth : HonouGreen of {77-80} Norre : SacGreen to {81-83} Orle : Guild of {84-86} Oussea : Heirs to {87-90} Rilynn : House of {91-93} Teasen' : Trackers of {94-96} Tyr : Mistresses of {97-00} Tyrnea : Children of |
Table 5 - House Name Suffixes (D100)
{1-3} -altin : The branch {4-6} -anea : The night {7-10} -annia : The willow {11-13} -aear : Water {14-16} -arnith : Fire {17-20} -atear : The way {21-23} -athem : The dragons {24-26} -dlues : The bow {27-30} -elrvis : The leaves {31-33} -eplith : The forest {34-36} -ettln : Magic {37-40} -ghymn : The forgotten ways {41-43} -itryn : History {44-46} -lylth : The blade {47-50} -mitore : The moon | {51-53} -nddare : The winds {54-56} -neldth : The arcane {57-60} -rae : Powers of Light {61-63} -raheal : The gods {64-66} -rretyn : The heavens {67-70} -sithek : Adamantite {71-73} -thym : Challenges {74-76} -tlarn : Mysteries {77-80} -tlithar : Victory {81-83} -tylar : The healers {84-86} -undlin : The lover’s kiss {87-90} -urdrenn : The light {91-93} -valsa : Silken weaver {94-96} -virrea : Success {97-100} -zea : The crystal growth |
These tables work pretty much the same as the tables above. Each Drow name consists of a prefix (from Table 2) and one or more suffixes (from Table 3),and then a house name consisting of a prefix (from table 4) and one or more suffixes (from table 5). However because all the tables can be used feel free to choose which tables these prefix and sufix are being generated from. Definitions have been included in these tables to help determine what a name means once it has been generated. In the case of suffixes, male and female endings have been included where appropriate. Alternate spellings have also been provided in some cases.
You may randomly generate an Drow name by rolling on Table 1. If you prefer, it is also possible to pick a set of definitions you like and assemble the name that matches them. If your character is a Wizard who is fond of spiders, you might decide her name should reflect this. Looking at the definitions, you decide her name will mean “Spider-Mage.” This results in the name “G’eldriina' or “G'eldree”
If you don’t like a particular combination, try some of the alternate suffixes listed, or add an “a,” “e,” “i,” “l,” “r,” “s,” “sh,” or an apostrophe. Although not every combination of prefixes and suffixes will sound right, usually only a minor change is called for. If you can’t make a particular name work, try one with a similar meaning. If you didn’t like “G’eldriina,” try a name that means “Spider-Sister” instead. If you have randomly generated a name and don’t like it’s definition, try altering the order of the words. It is also possible to use the definition as just a starting place for the name’s meaning. Often the definitions can be combined in a poetic way for better results. In the case of a three or more syllable name, try dropping one or more of the definitions.Above all Remeber that these names can be a mixture of two naming conventions and may not truely reflect a personality of the name but the Mix of both Personality and Traditions
Drow, like their Elven cousins prefer names that flow off the tongue, however their names tend to have a harsher sound to them. The Drow name generator below has been presented to assist crafting Drow names, however it is important to note that Suface Drow may have names that are harsher and not truely reflective of thier nature as their names also come from a tradition of millenia of evil. It is also possibnle that Suface drow will adopt a mix of but Drow and Suface elf name traditions. As this set of tables can not possibly represent all the possible names availiable to Surface Drow, this list combined with the Elven lists above can serve to generate names that reflect this new naming conventio0n as well as give a decent starting point.Table 1 (D10)
D10 | Result |
1-3 | Roll once on Table 2 and once on Table 3 |
4-5 | Roll once on Table 2 and twice on Table 3 |
6-7 | Roll once on Table 2 and once on Table 3, add an apostrophe, then roll again on Table 3. |
8-9 | Roll once on Table 2 and once on Table 3 for a first name, then roll on Table 1 again for a second name. |
10 | Roll once on Table 3, add an apostrophe, then roll once on Table 2 and once on Table 3 |
Table 2 - Prefixes (D100)
{1} Akor/Alak : Beloved, best, first {2} Alaun/Alton : Lightning, powerful {3} Aly/Kel : Legendary, singing, song {4} Ang/Adin : Beast, monstrous, savage {5} Ardul/Amal : Blessed, divine, godly {6} Aun/Ant : Crypt, dead, deadly, death {7} Bae/Bar : Fate, fated, luck, lucky {8} Bal/Bel : Burned, burning, fire, flame {9} Belar/Bruh : Arrow, lance, pierced {10} Briz/Berg : Graceful, fluid, water, wet {11} Bur/Bhin : Craft, crafty, sly {12} Chal/Chasz : Earth, stable {13} Char/Kron : Sick, venom, venomed {14} Chess/Cal : Noble, lady/lord {15} Dhaun : Infested, plague {16} Dil/Dur : Cold, ice, still {17} Dirz/Div : Dream, dreaming, fantasy {18} Dris/Riz : Ash, dawn, east, eastern {19} Eclave/Elk : Chaos, mad, madness {20} Elvan/Kalan : Elf, elven, far, lost {21} Elv/Elaug : Drow, mage, power {22} Erel/Rhyl : Eye, moon, spy {23} Ethe/Erth : Mithril, resolute {24} Faer/Selds : Oath, sworn, vow {25} Felyn/Fil : Pale, thin, weak, white {26} Filf/Phar : Dwarf, Dwarven, treacherous {27} Gauss/Orgoll : Dread, fear, feaGreen, vile {28} G’eld : Friend, spider {29} Ghaun : Accursed, curse, unlucky {30} Gin/Din : Berserk, berserker, orc, wild {31} Grey/Gul : Ghost, pale, unloving {32} Hael/Hatch : Marked, trail, way {33} Hal/Sol : Deft, nimble, spider {34} Houn/Rik : Magic, trail, way {35} Iliv/Dip : Liege, war, warrior {36} Ilm : Life, living, spirit, soul {37} Illiam/Im : Devoted, heart, love {38} In/Sorn : Enchanted, spell {39} Ilph : Emerald, green, lush, tree {40} Irae/Ilzt : Arcane, mystic, wizard {41} Irr/Izz : Hidden, mask, masked {42} Iym/Ist : Endless, immortal {43} Jhan/Duag : Shield, warded {44} Jhael/Gel : Ambitious, clan, kin, family {45} Jhul/Jar : Charmed, rune, symbol {46} Jys/Driz : Hard, steel, unyielding {47} Lael/Llt : Iron, west, western {48} Lar/Les : Binding, bound, law, lawful {49} LiNeeer/Mourn : Legend, legendary, mythical {50} Lird/Ryld : Brand, branded, owned, slave | {51} Lua}Lyme : Bright, crystal, light {52} Mal/Malag : Mystery, secret {53} May/Mas : Beautiful, beauty, silver {54} Micar : Lost, poison, widow {55} Min/Ran : Lesser, minor, second {56} Mol/Go : Blue, storm, thunder, wind {57} Myr/Nym : Lost, skeleton, skull {58} Nath/Mer : Doom, doomed, fate {59} Ned/Nad : Cunning, genius, mind, thought {60} Nhil/Nal : Fear, horrible, horror, outraged {61} Neer : Core, root, strong {62} Null/Nil : Sad, tear, weeping {63} Olor/Omar : Skin, tattoo, tattooed {64} Pellan/Relon : North, platinum, wind {65} Phaer/Vorn : Honour, honouGreen {66} Phyr/Phyx : Bless, blessed, blessing {67} Qualn/Quil : Mighty, ocean, sea {68} Quar : Aged, eternal, time {69} Quav/Quev : Charmed, docile, friend {70} Qil/Quil : Foe, goblin, slave {71} Rauv/Welv : Cave, rock, stone {72} Ril/Ryl : Foretold, omen {73} Sabal/Szor : Amber, yellow {74} Sab/Tsab : Abyss, empty, void {75} Shi`n/Kren : Fool, foolish, young {76} Shri/Ssz : Silk, silent {77} Shur/Shar : Dagger, edge, stiletto {78} Shynt : Invisible, skilled, unseen {79} Sin/Szin : Festival, joy, pleasure {80} Ssap/That : Blue, midnight, night {81} Susp/Spir : Learned, skilled, wise {82} Talab/Tluth : Burn, burning, fire {83} Tal/Tar : Love, pain, wound, wounded {84} Triel/Taz : Bat, winged {85} T’riss/Teb : Blade, sharp, sword {86} Ulviir/Uhls : Gold, golden, treasure {87} Umrae/Hurz : Faith, faithful, true {88} Vas/Vesz : Blood, body, flesh {89} Vic : Abyss, deep, profound {90} Vier/Va l : Black, dark, darkness {91} Vlon/Wod : Bold, hero, heroic {92} Waer/Wehl : Deep, hidden, south, southern {93} Wuyon/Wruz : Humble, third, trivial {94} Xull/Url : Blooded, crimson, ruby {95} Xun : Demon, fiend, fiendish {96} Yas/Yaz : Riddle, spinning, thread, web {97} Zar/Zakn : Dusk, haunted, shadow {98} Zebey/Zek : Dragon, lithe, rage, wyrm {99} Zes/Zez : Ancient, elder, respected {100} Zilv/Vuz : Forgotten, old, unknown |
Table 3 - Suffixes (D100)
{1} -a}-agh : Breaker, destruction, end, omega {2} -ace/-as : Savant, scholar, wizard {3} -ae/-aun : Dance, dancer, life, player {4} -aere/-d : Blood, blood of, heir {5} -afae/-afein : Bane, executioner, slayer {6} -afay/-aufein : Eyes, eyes of, seeress}seer {7} -ala/-launim : Healer, priestess}priest {8} -anna/-erin : Advisor, counsellor to {9} -arra/-atar : Queen}prince, queen of}prince of {10} -aste : Bearer, keeper, slaver {11} -avin/-aonar : Guardian, guard, shield {12} -ayne/-al : Lunatic, maniac, manic, rage {13} -baste/-gloth : Path, walker {14} -breena/-antar : Matriarch}patriarch, ruler {15} -bryn/-lyn : Agent, assassin, killer {16} -cice/-roos : Born of, Child, young {17} -cyrl/-axle : Ally, companion, friend {18} -da/-daer : Illusionist, trickster {19} -dia/-drin : Rogue, stealer {20} -diira/-diirn : Initiate, sister}brother {21} -dra/-zar : Lover, match, mate {22} -driira/-driirn : Mother}father, teacher {23} -dril/-dorl : Knight, sword, warrior {24} -e : Servant, slave, vassal {25} -eari/-erd : Giver, god, patron {26} -eyl : Archer, arrow, flight, flyer {27} -ffyn/-fein : Minstrel, singer, song {28} -fryn : Champion, victor, weapon, weapon of {29} -iara/-ica : Baron, duke, lady}lord {30} -ice/-eth : Obsession, taker, taken {31} -idil/-imar : Alpha, beginning, creator of, maker {32} -iira/-inid : Harbinger, herald {33} -inidia : Secret, wall, warder {34} -inil/-in : Lady}lord, rider, steed {35} -intra : Envoy, messenger, prophet {36} -isstra/-atlab : Acolyte, apprentice, student {37} -ithra/-irahc : Dragon, serpent, wyrm {38} -jra/-gos : Beast, biter, stinger {39} -jss : Scout, stalker {40} -kacha/-kah : Beauty, hair, style {41} -kiira/-raen : Apostle, disciple {42} -lay/-dyn : Flight, flyer, wing, wings {43} -lara/-aghar : Cynic, death, end, victim {44} -lin : Arm, armour, commander {45} -lochar : Messenger, spider {46} -mice/-myr : Bone, bones, necromancer, witch {47} -mur’ss : Shadow, spy, witness {48} -na/-nar : Adept, ghost, spirit {49} -nilee/-olil : Corpse, disease, ravager {50} -niss/-nozz : Chance, gambler, game | {51} -nitra/-net : Kicker, returned, risen {52} -nolu : Art, artist, expert, treasure {53} -olin : Ascension, love, lover, lust {54} -onia}-onim : Rod, staff, token, wand {55} -oyss}-omph : Binder, judge, law, prison {56} -qualyn : Ally, caller, kin {57} -quarra}-net : Horde, host, legion {58} -quiri}-oj : Aura, cloak, hide, skin {59} -ra}-or : Fool, game, prey, quarry {60} -rae}-rar: Secret, seeker, quest {61} -raema}-orvir: Crafter, fist, hand {62} -raena}-olvir: Center, haven, home {63} -riia}-rak: Chaos, storm, tempest {64} -ril: Bandit, enemy, raider, outlaw {65} -riina}-ree: Enchanter, mage, spellcaster {66} -ryna}-oyn : Follower, hiGreen, mercenary {67} -ryne}-ryn : Blooded, elder, experienced {68} -shalee}-ral : Abjurer, gaze, watch, watcher {69} -ssysn}-rysn : Artifact, sorcerer, spell {70} -stin}-trin : Clan, house, merchant, of the house {71} -stra}-tran : Spider, spinner, weaver {72} -tana}-ton : Darkness, lurker, prowler {73} -thara}-tar : Glyph, marker, rune {74} -thrae/-olg : Charmer, leader, seducer {75} -tree/-tel : Exile, loner, outcast, pariah {76} -tyrr : Dagger, poison, poisoner, scorpion {77} -ual/-dan : Speed, strider {78} -ue/-dor : Arm, artisan, fingers {79} -uit/-dar : Breath, voice, word {80} -une/-dinn : Diviner, fate, future, oracle {81} -uque : Cavern, digger, mole, tunnel {82} -urra/-dax : Nomad, renegade, wanderer {83} -va/-ven : Comrade, honour, honouGreen {84} -vayas : Forge, forger, hammer, smith {85} -vyll : Punishment, scourge, whip, zealot {86} -vrae/-vyr : Mistress/master, overseer {87} -wae/-hrae : Heir, inheritor, princess {88} -wiira/-hriir : Seneschal of steward {89} -wyss/-hrys : Best, creator, starter {90} -xae/-zaer : Orb, rank, ruler, sceptre {91} -xena/-zen : Cutter, gem, jewel, jeweller {92} -xyra/-zyr : Sage, teller {93} -yl: Drow, woman/man {94} -ylene/-yln : Handmaiden/squire, maiden/youth {95} -ymma/-inyon : Drider, feet, foot, runner {96} -ynda/-yrd : Captain, custodian, marshal, ranger {97} -ynrae/-yraen : Heretic, reel, riot, void {98} -vrae: Architect, founder, mason {99} -yrr : Protector, rival, wielder {100} -zyne/-zt : Finder, hunter |
Table 4 - House Name Prefixes(D100)
{1-3} Alean : The noble line of {4-6} Ale : Traders in {7-10} Arab : Daughters of {11-13} Arken : Mages of {14-16} Auvry : Blood of the {17-20} Baen : Blessed by {21-23} Barri : Spawn of {24-26} Cladd : Warriors from {27-30} Desp : Victors of {31-33} De : Champions of {34-36} Do’ : Walkers in {37-40} Eils : Lands of {41-43} Everh : The cavern of {44-46} Fre : Friends to {47-50} Gode : Clan of | {51-53} Helvi : Those above {54-56} Hla : Seers of {57-60} Hun : The sisterhood of {61-63} Ken : Sworn to {64-66} Kil : People of {67-70} Mae : Raiders from {71-73} Mel : Mothers of {74-76} My : HonouGreen of {77-80} Noqu : SacGreen to {81-83} Orly : Guild of {84-86} Ouss : Heirs to {87-90} Rilyn : House of {91-93} Teken' : Delvers in {94-96} Tor : Mistresses of {97-00} Zau : Children of |
Table 5 - House Name Suffixes (D100)
{1-3} -afin : The web {4-6} -ana : The night {7-10} -ani : The widow {11-13} -ar : Poison {14-16} -arn : Fire {17-20} -ate : The way {21-23} -ath : The dragons {24-26} -duis : The whip {27-30} -ervs : The depths {31-33} -ep : The Underdark {34-36} -ett : Magic {37-40} -ghym : The forgotten ways {41-43} -iryn : History {44-46} -lyl : The blade {47-50} -mtor : The abyss | {51-53} -ndar : Black hearts {54-56} -neld : The arcane {57-60} -rae : Fell powers {61-63} -rahel : The gods {64-66} -rret : The void {67-70} -sek : Adamantite {71-73} -th : Challenges {74-76} -tlar : Mysteries {77-80} -t’tar : Victory {81-83} -tyl : The pits {84-86} -und : The spider’s kiss {87-90} -urden : The darkness {91-93} -val : Silken weaver {94-96} -virr : Dominance {97-100} -zynge : The ruins |
Type | Passive |
---|---|
Working principle | Quantum mechanical effect called tunneling |
Invented | Leo Esaki Yuriko Kurose[1] Takashi Suzuki[2][3] |
First production | Sony |
Pin configuration | anode and cathode |
Electronic symbol |
10mA germanium tunnel diode mounted in test fixture of Tektronix 571 curve tracer
A tunnel diode or Esaki diode is a type of semiconductor diode that has negative resistance due to the quantum mechanical effect called tunneling. It was invented in August 1957 by Leo Esaki, Yuriko Kurose, and Takashi Suzuki when they were working at Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo, now known as Sony.[1][2][3][4] In 1973, Esaki received the Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Brian Josephson, for discovering the electron tunneling effect used in these diodes. Robert Noyce independently devised the idea of a tunnel diode while working for William Shockley, but was discouraged from pursuing it.[5] Tunnel diodes were first manufactured by Sony in 1957,[6] followed by General Electric and other companies from about 1960, and are still made in low volume today.[7]
Tunnel diodes have a heavily dopedp–n junction that is about 10 nm (100 Å) wide. The heavy doping results in a broken band gap, where conduction bandelectron states on the n-side are more or less aligned with valence bandhole states on the p-side. They are usually made from germanium, but can also be made from gallium arsenide and silicon materials. Their negative differential resistance in part of their operating range allows them to function as oscillators and amplifiers, and in switching circuits using hysteresis. They are also used as frequency converters and detectors.[8] Their low capacitance allows them to function at microwave frequencies, above the range of ordinary diodes and transistors.
8–12 GHz tunnel diode amplifier, circa 1970
Tunnel diodes are not widely used due to their low output power; their RF output is limited to several hundred milliwatts due to their small voltage swing. In recent years, however, new devices that use the tunneling mechanism have been developed. The resonant-tunneling diode (RTD) has achieved some of the highest frequencies of any solid-state oscillator.[9] Another type of tunnel diode is a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) diode, but its present application appears to be limited to research environments due to inherent sensitivities.[10] There is also a metal–insulator–insulator–metal (MIIM) diode, where an additional insulator layer allows 'step tunneling' for precise diode control.[11]
- 4Applications
Forward bias operation[edit]
Under normal forward bias operation, as voltage begins to increase, electrons at first tunnel through the very narrow p–n junction barrier and fill electron states in the conduction band on the n-side which become aligned with empty valence band hole states on the p-side of the p-n junction. As voltage increases further, these states become increasingly misaligned, and the current drops. This is called negative differential resistance because current decreases with increasing voltage. As voltage increases, the diode begins to operate as a normal diode, where electrons travel by conduction across the p–n junction, and no longer by tunneling through the p–n junction barrier. The most important operating region for a tunnel diode is the negative resistance region. Its graph is different from normal p–n junction diode.
Reverse bias operation[edit]
When used in the reverse direction, tunnel diodes are called back diodes (or backward diodes) and can act as fast rectifiers with zero offset voltage and extreme linearity for power signals (they have an accurate square law characteristic in the reverse direction). Under reverse bias, filled states on the p-side become increasingly aligned with empty states on the n-side, and electrons now tunnel through the p–n junction barrier in reverse direction.
Technical comparisons[edit]
IV curve similar to a tunnel diode characteristic curve. It has negative differential resistance in the shaded voltage region, between v1 and v2.
I-V curve of 10mA germanium tunnel diode, taken on a Tektronix model 571 curve tracer.
In a conventional semiconductor diode, conduction takes place while the p–n junction is forward biased and blocks current flow when the junction is reverse biased. This occurs up to a point known as the 'reverse breakdown voltage' at which point conduction begins (often accompanied by destruction of the device). In the tunnel diode, the dopant concentrations in the p and n layers are increased to a level such that the reverse breakdown voltage becomes zero and the diode conducts in the reverse direction. However, when forward-biased, an effect occurs called quantum mechanical tunneling which gives rise to a region in its voltage-current behavior where an increase in forward voltage is accompanied by a decrease in forward current. This negative resistance region can be exploited in a solid state version of the dynatron oscillator which normally uses a tetrode thermionic valve (vacuum tube).
Applications[edit]
The tunnel diode showed great promise as an oscillator and high-frequency threshold (trigger) device since it operated at frequencies far greater than the tetrode could: well into the microwave bands. Applications of tunnel diodes included local oscillators for UHF television tuners, trigger circuits in oscilloscopes, high-speed counter circuits, and very fast-rise time pulse generator circuits. In 1977, the Intelsat V satellite receiver used a microstrip tunnel diode amplifier (TDA) front-end in the 14 to 15.5 GHz frequency band. Such amplifiers were considered state-of-the-art, with better performance at high frequencies than any transistor-based front end.[12] The tunnel diode can also be used as a low-noise microwave amplifier.[13] Since its discovery, more conventional semiconductor devices have surpassed its performance using conventional oscillator techniques. For many purposes, a three-terminal device, such as a field-effect transistor, is more flexible than a device with only two terminals. Practical tunnel diodes operate at a few milliamperes and a few tenths of a volt, making them low-power devices.[14] The Gunn diode has similar high frequency capability and can handle more power.
Tunnel diodes are also more resistant to ionizing radiation than other diodes.[citation needed] This makes them well suited to higher radiation environments such as those found in space.
Longevity[edit]
Tunnel diodes are notable for their longevity, with devices made in the 1960s still functioning. Writing in Nature, Esaki and coauthors state that semiconductor devices in general are extremely stable, and suggest that their shelf life should be 'infinite' if kept at room temperature. They go on to report that a small-scale test of 50-year-old devices revealed a 'gratifying confirmation of the diode's longevity'. As noticed on some samples of Esaki diodes, the gold plated iron pins can in fact corrode and short out to the case. This can usually be diagnosed and treated with simple peroxide/vinegar technique normally used for repairing phone PCBs and the diode inside normally still works.[15]
These components are susceptible to damage by overheating, and thus special care is needed when soldering them.Surplus Russian units are also reliable and often can be purchased for a few pence despite original cost being in the £30–50 range.The units typically sold are GaAs based and have a Ipk/Iv ratio of 5:1 at around 1–20 mA Ipk, and so should be protected against overcurrent.[16]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ abDiode type semiconductor device United States patent 3,033,714
- ^ abEsaki, L.; Kurose, Y.; Suzuki, T. (1957). 'Ge P-N Junction のInternal Field Emission'. 日本物理学会年会講演予稿集. 12 (5): 85.
- ^ ab'Sony Global - Sony History Chapter9 The Model 2T7 Transistor'. www.sony.net. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
- ^Esaki, Leo (1958-01-15). 'New Phenomenon in Narrow Germanium p−n Junctions'. Physical Review. 109 (2): 603–604. Bibcode:1958PhRv..109..603E. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.109.603.
- ^Berlin, Leslie (2005). The Man Behind the Microchip: Robert Noyce and the Invention of Silicon Valley. Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-516343-5.
- ^ソニー半導体の歴史 (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2009-02-02.
- ^Rostky, George. 'Tunnel diodes: the transistor killers'. EE Times. Archived from the original on 7 January 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
- ^Fink, pp. 7–35
- ^Brown, E. R.; Söderström, J. R.; Parker, C. D.; Mahoney, L. J.; Molvar, K. M.; McGill, T. C. (18 March 1991). 'Oscillations up to 712 GHz in InAs/AlSb resonant-tunneling diodes'(PDF). Applied Physics Letters. 58 (20): 2291. Bibcode:1991ApPhL..58.2291B. doi:10.1063/1.104902. ISSN0003-6951.
- ^'The MIM diode: Another challenger for the electronics crown'. SciTechStory. 19 November 2010. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
- ^Conley, John (4 September 2013). 'Electronics advance moves closer to a world beyond silicon'. OSU College of Engineering.
- ^Mott, R. C. (November 1978). 'Intelsat V 14-GHz tunnel diode noise figure study'. COMSAT Technical Review. 8: 487–507. Bibcode:1978COMTR...8..487M. ISSN0095-9669.
- ^Fink, pp. 13–64
- ^L.W. Turner,(ed), Electronics Engineer's Reference Book, 4th ed. Newnes-Butterworth, London 1976 ISBN0-408-00168-2 pp. 8–18
- ^Esaki, Leo; Arakawa, Yasuhiko; Kitamura, Masatoshi (2010). 'Esaki diode is still a radio star, half a century on'. Nature. 464 (7285): 31. Bibcode:2010Natur.464Q..31E. doi:10.1038/464031b. PMID20203587.
- ^'Russian tunnel diodes – TekWiki'. w140.com. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
Bibliography[edit]
- Donald G. Fink (ed.), Electronic Engineers Handbook, McGraw Hill, New York, 1975, ISBN0-07-020980-4.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tunnel diodes. |
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tunnel_diode&oldid=897450497'